LOS ALAMITOS, Calif., About 100 students, researchers, educators, and practitioners attended the 8 June Software Architecture Challenges for the 21st Century Workshop, co-sponsored by IEEE Software magazine.
The workshop featured a full day of talks and panel discussions addressing both real-world challenges and emerging research solutions. Members of IEEE Software’s editorial board and faculty from University of Southern California’s Center for Systems and Software Engineering and the University of California, Irvine’s Institute for Software Research engaged in a wide-ranging discussion of the role and value of architecture in software development in the age of grid, cloud, Web, and volunteer computing.
Presentations from the speakers are available online and a filmed version of the event will soon be available on Computing Now’s SAC21 page.
Philippe Kruchten, a professor of software engineering at University of British Columbia and a member of IEEE Software’s editorial board, observed the inherent tensions between applying elements of both agile development and more formal architecture. USC computer science assistant professor Neno Medvidovic conducted a more-than-four-year examination of grid computing, including identifying some 250 architectural errors in existing deployments.
Most of the presentations came from real-world experiences. Case studies were cornerstone to all the talks, and insights and positions were grounded in years of study and research with companies around the world, including Seimens, Nokia, and Google.
“In an industry in which the hype cycle often pushes new buzzwords to the forefront with greater regularity than Moore’s law, it can be truly exciting to see real substantive exchanges among practitioners and researchers with the credentials and experience to back up their often-passionate views,” said Steve Woods, IEEE Computer Society magazine editorial manager, who helped plan the event.
Attendees witnessed some novel presentation approaches. Pekka Abrahamsson, a research professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, presented a video of a car crash to illustrate how projects fail. IBM Fellow Grady Booch’s avatar discussed the importance of simplification in design while standing by a firepit on the shore of his island in SecondLife. Andre van der Hoek, an associate professor in UCI’s Department of Informatics, showed how quickly developers can sketch out architectural patterns in the Calico electronic whiteboard environment and reminded us that “good designers know when to set things aside ... and when to stop drilling down.”
The day ended with a spirited discussion in which workshop chair Forrest Shull, an IEEE Software associate editor and a senior scientist at the Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, led a panel of experts as they looked at the architectural and societal implications of new forms of massive computing (think clouds and grids). Questions of resources, the democratization of development, and the risks to security and privacy came up during the discussion, with some dogmas challenged, some common ground identified, and broad agreement reached that engaging active thought leaders is an effective means of wrestling with major issues that guide the digital future’s development.
About the Computer Society
With nearly 85,000 members, the IEEE Computer Society is the world’s leading organization of computing professionals. Founded in 1946, and the largest of the 39 societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Computer Society is dedicated to advancing the theory and application of computer and information-processing technology, and is known globally for its computing standards activities.
The Computer Society serves the information and career-development needs of today’s computing researchers and practitioners with technical journals, magazines, conferences, books, conference publications, and online courses. Its Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) program for mid-career professionals and Certified Software Development Associate (CSDA) credential for recent college graduates confirm the skill and knowledge of those working in the field. The CS Digital Library (CSDL) is an excellent research tool, containing more than 250,000 articles from 1,600 conference proceedings and 26 CS periodicals going back to 1988.
Ladies and gentlemen,
In late April, WHO announced the emergence of a novel influenza A virus.
This particular H1N1 strain has not circulated previously in humans. The virus is entirely new.
The virus is contagious, spreading easily from one person to another, and from one country to another. As of today, nearly 30,000 confirmed cases have been reported in 74 countries.
This is only part of the picture. With few exceptions, countries with large numbers of cases are those with good surveillance and testing procedures in place.
Spread in several countries can no longer be traced to clearly-defined chains of human-to-human transmission. Further spread is considered inevitable.
I have conferred with leading influenza experts, virologists, and public health officials. In line with procedures set out in the International Health Regulations, I have sought guidance and advice from an Emergency Committee established for this purpose.
On the basis of available evidence, and these expert assessments of the evidence, the scientific criteria for an influenza pandemic have been met.
I have therefore decided to raise the level of influenza pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6.
The world is now at the start of the 2009 influenza pandemic.
We are in the earliest days of the pandemic. The virus is spreading under a close and careful watch.
No previous pandemic has been detected so early or watched so closely, in real-time, right at the very beginning. The world can now reap the benefits of investments, over the last five years, in pandemic preparedness.
We have a head start. This places us in a strong position. But it also creates a demand for advice and reassurance in the midst of limited data and considerable scientific uncertainty.
Thanks to close monitoring, thorough investigations, and frank reporting from countries, we have some early snapshots depicting spread of the virus and the range of illness it can cause.
We know, too, that this early, patchy picture can change very quickly. The virus writes the rules and this one, like all influenza viruses, can change the rules, without rhyme or reason, at any time.
Globally, we have good reason to believe that this pandemic, at least in its early days, will be of moderate severity. As we know from experience, severity can vary, depending on many factors, from one country to another.
On present evidence, the overwhelming majority of patients experience mild symptoms and make a rapid and full recovery, often in the absence of any form of medical treatment.
Worldwide, the number of deaths is small. Each and every one of these deaths is tragic, and we have to brace ourselves to see more. However, we do not expect to see a sudden and dramatic jump in the number of severe or fatal infections.
We know that the novel H1N1 virus preferentially infects younger people. In nearly all areas with large and sustained outbreaks, the majority of cases have occurred in people under the age of 25 years.
In some of these countries, around 2% of cases have developed severe illness, often with very rapid progression to life-threatening pneumonia.
Most cases of severe and fatal infections have been in adults between the ages of 30 and 50 years.
This pattern is significantly different from that seen during epidemics of seasonal influenza, when most deaths occur in frail elderly people.
Many, though not all, severe cases have occurred in people with underlying chronic conditions. Based on limited, preliminary data, conditions most frequently seen include respiratory diseases, notably asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and obesity.
At the same time, it is important to note that around one third to half of the severe and fatal infections are occurring in previously healthy young and middle-aged people.
Without question, pregnant women are at increased risk of complications. This heightened risk takes on added importance for a virus, like this one, that preferentially infects younger age groups.
Finally, and perhaps of greatest concern, we do not know how this virus will behave under conditions typically found in the developing world. To date, the vast majority of cases have been detected and investigated in comparatively well-off countries.
Let me underscore two of many reasons for this concern. First, more than 99% of maternal deaths, which are a marker of poor quality care during pregnancy and childbirth, occurs in the developing world.
Second, around 85% of the burden of chronic diseases is concentrated in low- and middle-income countries.
Although the pandemic appears to have moderate severity in comparatively well-off countries, it is prudent to anticipate a bleaker picture as the virus spreads to areas with limited resources, poor health care, and a high prevalence of underlying medical problems.
Ladies and gentlemen,
A characteristic feature of pandemics is their rapid spread to all parts of the world. In the previous century, this spread has typically taken around 6 to 9 months, even during times when most international travel was by ship or rail.
Countries should prepare to see cases, or the further spread of cases, in the near future. Countries where outbreaks appear to have peaked should prepare for a second wave of infection.
Guidance on specific protective and precautionary measures has been sent to ministries of health in all countries. Countries with no or only a few cases should remain vigilant.
Countries with widespread transmission should focus on the appropriate management of patients. The testing and investigation of patients should be limited, as such measures are resource intensive and can very quickly strain capacities.
WHO has been in close dialogue with influenza vaccine manufacturers. I understand that production of vaccines for seasonal influenza will be completed soon, and that full capacity will be available to ensure the largest possible supply of pandemic vaccine in the months to come.
Pending the availability of vaccines, several non-pharmaceutical interventions can confer some protection.
WHO continues to recommend no restrictions on travel and no border closures.
Influenza pandemics, whether moderate or severe, are remarkable events because of the almost universal susceptibility of the world’s population to infection.
We are all in this together, and we will all get through this, together.
Thank you.
Source: who
Source: Kompas
